Ma insulators ndi zida zomwe zimayikidwa pakati pa ma conductor omwe ali ndi kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kapena pakati pa ma conductor ndi zinthu zomwe zingatheke pansi, zomwe zimatha kupirira ma voltage ndi kupsinjika kwamakina.
Ma insulators amagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika pamagetsi: imodzi ndikuthandizira ma conductor ndikunyamula kupsinjika kwamakina;Chachiwiri ndikuletsa mphamvu yapano kuti isayende kapena kubwerera pansi pakati pa ma conductor omwe ali ndi kuthekera kosiyanasiyana ndikupirira mphamvu yamagetsi.Zimaphatikizidwa ndi zopangira kuti zikonze kondakitala pa nsanjayo ndikutseketsa woyendetsa kuchokera pansanjayo.Pa ntchito, ndi insulator ayenera kunyamula osati voteji ntchito, komanso ntchito overvoltage ndi mphezi overvoltage.Kuphatikiza apo, insulator iyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotchinjiriza magetsi chifukwa cha kulemera kwa conductor, mphamvu ya mphepo, ayezi ndi matalala ndi makina osinthira kutentha kwa chilengedwe, Pa nthawi yomweyo, azikhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zamakina.
Gulu la insulators
1. Malingana ndi zipangizo zotetezera zopangira zopangira zopangira, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu a porcelain, magalasi otsekemera a galasi, opangira ma insulators ndi semiconductor insulators.
2. Ikhoza kugawidwa mu mtundu wosweka ndi mtundu wosaphwanyidwa malinga ngati mtunda waufupi kwambiri wa puncture mu insulator ndi wosakwana theka la mtunda wa flashover mumlengalenga wakunja.
3. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a structural, akhoza kugawidwa mzati (mzati) insulator, kuyimitsidwa insulator, butterfly insulator, pini insulator, mtanda mkono insulator, ndodo insulator ndi manja insulator.
4. Malingana ndi ntchitoyo, ikhoza kugawidwa kukhala insulator ya mzere, insulator yamagetsi ndi insulator yamagetsi.Insulator yamagetsi: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ndikukonza kugawa m'nyumba ndi kunja kwa malo opangira magetsi ndi malo ocheperako
Mabasi olimba a chipangizo chamagetsi ndi kutsekereza basi kuchokera kudziko lapansi.Imagawidwa kukhala post insulator ndi bushing insulator malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Chotsekera chamagetsi: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza gawo lomwe lanyamula pazida zamagetsi.Imagawidwanso mu post insulator ndi bushing insulator.Ma insulators a positi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza gawo lomwe lanyamula zida zamagetsi popanda chipolopolo chotsekedwa;Bushing insulator imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera mbali yomwe yanyamula zida zamagetsi zomwe zili ndi chipolopolo chotsekedwa (monga ma circuit breaker, transformer, etc.) kutuluka mu chipolopolo.
Line insulator: yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ma conductor otumizira ndi kugawa ndi mabasi osinthika a zida zogawira panja, ndikuzitchingira kuchokera pagawo loyambira.Pali mtundu wa singano, mtundu wolendewera, mtundu wagulugufe ndi mkono wa porcelain mtanda.
5. Malinga ndi magetsi a utumiki, amagawidwa kukhala otsika-voltage (AC 1000 V ndi pansi, DC 1500 V ndi pansi) insulators ndi high-voltage (AC 1000 V ndi pamwamba, DC 1500 V ndi pamwamba) insulators.Pakati pa ma insulators okwera kwambiri, pali magetsi okwera kwambiri (AC 330kV ndi 500 kV, DC 500 kV) ndi voteji yopitilira muyeso (AC 750kV ndi 1000 kV, DC 800 kV).
6. Imagawidwa mumtundu wamkati molingana ndi malo ogwira ntchito: insulator imayikidwa m'nyumba, ndipo palibe siketi ya ambulera pamtunda wa insulator.Mtundu wakunja: insulator imayikidwa panja, ndipo pali masiketi ambiri ndi akuluakulu a maambulera pamwamba pa insulator kuti awonjezere mtunda wotuluka pamtunda, ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa madzi m'masiku amvula, kuti athe kugwira ntchito mokhulupirika mu nyengo yovuta.
7. Malingana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zikhoza kugawidwa mu insulator wamba ndi antifouling insulator.
Gulu la insulators
1. High voltage line insulator
① Ma insulators olimba a mzere wamagetsi okwera: kuphatikiza zotsekera zamtundu wa pini za porcelain, zotchingira zadothi za porcelain ndi zida zamtundu wa butterfly.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amakhazikika mwachindunji pansanja ndi mapazi awo achitsulo kapena mabawuti.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a structural, zadothi mtanda mkono insulators a mizere mkulu voteji akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu inayi: onse zadothi mtundu, guluu wokwera mtundu, mkono umodzi mtundu ndi V-mawonekedwe;Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a unsembe, akhoza kugawidwa mu ofukula mtundu ndi yopingasa mtundu;Malinga ndi muyezo, mphezi zisonkhezero zonse yoweyula kupirira voteji akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: 165kv, 185kv, 250kV ndi 265kv (poyamba, 50% zonse yoweyula zimafuna mphamvu flashover voteji akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi: 185kv, 2l0kv, 280kv, 380kV, 380kv, 450kv ndi 6l0kv).mkono wadothi mtanda zadothi ntchito mkulu-voteji pamwamba kufala ndi mizere yogawa, amene akhoza m'malo pini ndi kuyimitsidwa insulators, ndi kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mzati ndi mtanda mkono.
Gulugufe zadothi insulators a mizere high-voltage anawagawa 6kV ndi l0kV malinga ndi voteji oveteredwa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza ndi kukonza ma kondakitala pamapaipi otumizira ndi kugawa mizere, kukangana ndi mitengo yamakona.Nthawi yomweyo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri kugwirizana ndi insulator yoyimitsa mzere kuti muchepetse kapangidwe kazinthu.
② High voltage line kuyimitsidwa insulator: kuphatikizapo disc kuyimitsidwa porcelain insulator, disc kuyimitsidwa galasi insulator, porcelain kukoka ndodo ndi nthaka waya insulator.
High voteji mzere chimbale kuyimitsidwa zadothi insulators amagawidwa mu mtundu wamba ndi kuipitsidwa kusamva mtundu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma voteji okwera kwambiri komanso ma ultra-high voltage transmission mizere kuyimitsa kapena ma conductor amphamvu ndikuwatsekera kumitengo ndi nsanja.Ma insulators oyimitsidwa ali ndi mphamvu zamakina komanso zamagetsi.Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu osiyanasiyana amagetsi kudzera m'magulu osiyanasiyana azingwe ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamphamvu.Ndiwo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Mtundu wamba ndi woyenera madera ambiri mafakitale.Poyerekeza ndi zotsekera wamba, zoteteza kuwononga kuipitsidwa zili ndi mtunda wokulirapo komanso mawonekedwe osavuta kuyeretsa mphepo ndi mvula.Iwo ndi oyenera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zitsulo ufa, kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala ndi madera kwambiri kuipitsa mafakitale.Pamene zotetezera kuipitsidwa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera omwe ali pamwambawa, zimatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa nsanjayo ndipo zimakhala ndi phindu lalikulu lachuma.
Cholinga cha high voltage line disc suspension glass insulator kwenikweni ndi chofanana ndi cha high voltage line disc suspension porcelain insulator.Insulator yamagalasi imakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kukana kukhudzidwa kwamakina, kuzizira komanso kutentha kwabwino, moyo wautali wautumiki, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi komanso kukana mphezi.Ikawonongeka panthawi yogwira ntchito, chimbale chake cha ambulera chidzathyoledwa, chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kuchipeza, kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito yowunikira.
Ma voliyumu apamwamba a porcelain kukoka ndodo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo yotsekera, chitsulo chomangika ndi ndodo yapangodya ya chingwe chamagetsi chapamwamba chokhala ndi kondakitala wocheperako wa l0kV ndi pansipa ngati insulator ndi kukhazikika.Itha kulowa m'malo mwa zoteteza zagulugufe zadothi ndi zida zoyimitsidwa zadothi zadothi.
③ Ndodo yamtundu wa porcelain insulators pamayendedwe apamtunda olumikizana ndi njanji yamagetsi.
2. Low voltage line insulator
① Mtundu wa pini, mtundu wa gulugufe ndi zotsekera zamtundu wa spool za mizere yotsika mphamvu: zotsekera zamtundu wa porcelain za mizere yotsika magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekereza ndi kukonza ma kondakitala mu mizere yamagetsi yapansi pa 1KV.Ma insulators a butterfly porcelain ndi spool porcelain insulators a mizere yotsika magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma conductor otsekera komanso osasunthika pama terminals amagetsi ndi kugawa mizere, kukangana ndi ndodo zamakona.
② Insulator yotchinga yamtundu wamtundu wapamwamba: imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera kugwedezeka kwa mzati pamphepete mwa AC ndi DC mizere yogawa pamwamba pamutu ndi mizere yolumikizirana, ngodya kapena mizati yayitali, kuti mutseke waya wocheperako kuchokera kumtunda. khalani waya.
③ Insulator ya tram line: imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusungunula ndi kukakamiza kokondakita wa tram line kapena ngati kutchinjiriza ndi kuthandizira gawo loyendetsa pa tram ndi poyatsira magetsi.
④ Pini yamtundu wa porcelain insulator panjira yolumikizirana: yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati insulating ndi kukonza kondakitala pamizere yolumikizirana pamwamba.
⑤ Ma insulators opangira mawaya: kuphatikiza zotsekera ng'oma, zopangira zadothi ndi machubu adothi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawaya otsika.
3. High voltage power station insulator
① Ma voliyumu apamwamba kwambiri amkati amkati a positi yamagetsi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zida zogawira zapanyumba yopangira magetsi m'nyumba ndi malo ocheperako okhala ndi mphamvu pafupipafupi 6 ~ 35kV.Monga insulating thandizo kwa mkulu voteji conductive gawo.Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamalo okwera osapitilira 1000m ndipo kutentha kozungulira ndi - 40 ~ 40 ℃, ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kuipitsa komanso kukhazikika.Mtundu wamapiri opangidwa mwapadera ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 3000m ndi 5000m.
② Panja pin post insulator: imagwira ntchito pazigawo zotsekera za zida zamagetsi kapena zida zogawira mphamvu zokhala ndi AC voteji ya 3 ~ 220kV, kutentha kwapakati - 40 ~ + 40 ℃ kuzungulira malo oyikapo komanso kutalika kosapitilira 1000m.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati insulation ndi conductor fixed.
③ Insulator yapanja ya ndodo: imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zida zogawa zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zitseke ndi kukonza ma conductor.Zasintha kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ma pin post insulators.
④ Antifouling panja ndodo insulator: yoyenera ④ ④ zokutira mchere kachulukidwe 0.1mg/cm² Malo oipitsidwa wapakati mkati mwake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchingira ndi kukonza zida zamagetsi zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zida zogawa magetsi.
⑤ Kuthamanga kwa khoma lapamwamba kwambiri: kuphatikizira matabwa a m'nyumba, kukwera pakhoma panja, kukwera kwa khoma la basi ndi mapepala opangira mafuta.
⑥ Zadothi zadothi zamagetsi: kuphatikiza thiransifoma porcelain bushing, kusinthana porcelain bushing, thiransifoma porcelain bushing, etc.
Transformer porcelain bushing imaphatikizapo bushing porcelain bushing ndi pillar porcelain bushing for power transformer ndi test transformer.Kusintha kwa porcelain bushing kumaphatikizansopo porcelain bushing of multi circuit breaker, porcelain bushing of low low circuit breaker, porcelain bushing of load switch, porcelain bushing of porcelain-proof switch, porcelain bushing of disconnector, porcelain bushing of air circuit breaker, etc. makamaka ntchito ngati kutchinjiriza wa mkulu-voteji kutsogolo kwa lophimba pansi ndi monga chidebe cha kutchinjiriza dera wosweka ndi kutchinjiriza mkati.The porcelain bushing wa thiransifoma ntchito ngati chinthu insulating wa thiransifoma panopa ndi voteji thiransifoma.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2021